ARGUMENT/THESIS: Define the true meaning of chronic homelessness and there are solutions in resolving America’s homelessness population.
I. THE SOCIAL PROBLEM
a. Specific problem: chronic homelessness
HUD definition of homelessness vs. official definition
b. Population: homeless men, women, and families
Subgroups:
Mental illness
Adverse childhood experiences
History of military service experience
c. Observable signs of problem: no end in sight if appropriate interventions aren’t implemented
Consequence to Solutions
Housing
Rehabilitation welfare programs
Health care for physical and mental services
II. HISTORY OF PROBLEM & POLICIES
a. PART I: history of homelessness and moment it became considered a social problem
First documented definition of homeless and the progression to the current definition
Contributing factors:
Social obstacles
Economy
Policies
Ideological and value-based approaches to resolve America’s homelessness
Past vs. present
b. PART II: Governmental and public sector response to homeliness
History and it’s treatment overtime
Federal & State
• Policy solutions incl. names
Public sectors incl. types
• Eligibility requirements
III. CONTEMPORARY POLICIES STRATEGIES
a. Current governmental and public sector response to homelessness
Federal & State current policies
Public sectors available welfare programs
b. Recent modules used in resolving chronic homelessness
Movement to changing
IV. Redefining Chronic Homelessness as a Social Problem in America and Analyzing a Resolution to the Problem. ANNOTATED SOURCES:
Alesina, A. & Glaeser, E.L. (2004). Fighting poverty in the U.S. and Europe: A world of
difference. London: Oxford University Press.
This study looks at the approaches that States have used to address the poverty problem in America. The study also analyzes the economic and sociological factors to poverty which all will be used to tie history to present attitudes on homelessness.
Byrne, T. & Culhane, D.P. (2015). Testing alternative definitions of chronic homelessness
[Abstract]. Psychatr Serv, 66(9), 996-999. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201400240
The abstract details the study the authors conducted to promote a proposal change to the federal definition of chronic homelessness. The information in this abstract will be useful to point out the importance of having an official definition of what it truly means to be chronically homeless.
Case, M. (2001). Homelessness: Programs and the people they serve: Findings of the national
survey of homeless assistance providers and clients: Summary. Journal of the American Planning Association, 67(1), 119.
This report is a snapshot of the issues and contributing factors of America’s homelessness. The report has useful data on homelessness census that will be used to aim a solution to homelessness.
Holtzen, H.A. (2012). Homelessness. [Abstract]. Oxford University Press. doi:
10.1093/obo/9780199756797-0021
This particular abstract points out important relevant information that will be used to support the history of homelessness and the complex framework it has owned since the 17th century.
Katz, M.B. (2013). The undeserving poor: America’s enduring confrontation with poverty (2nd
The book’s chapters address the very foundations of governmental policies that that been implemented to address the poor from early history to now. There’s information in that book that holds critical research on today’s ideology on addressing the issue of poverty which is highly linked to America’s homelessness by providing grassroots ideas to alleviate the issue.
Montgomery, A.E., Cutuli, J.J., Evans-Chase, M., Treglia, D., & Culhane, D.P. (2013).
Relationship among adverse childhood experiences, history of active military service and adult outcomes: Homelessness, mental health, and physical health. American Journal of Public Health, 103(2), 262-268.
The study reports valuable data on the correlation between adverse childhood experiences being big predictors of an adult’s outcome to homelessness along with mental health and physical health issues. The information in this study will address the population of the paper and the contribution to potential factors of homelessness.
Parsell, C., Tomaszewski, W., & Phillips, R. (2014). Exiting unsheltered homelessness and
sustaining housing: A human agency perspective. Social Service Review, 88(2), 295-321. doi: 10.1086/676318
In this journal it talks about contemporary research proving successful programs that have helped people exit homelessness and sustain housing over several years. This journal also talks about public sectors which the authors call human agencies playing a vital role in shaping the outcome of people who are homeless. The journal is relevant to proving that there are solutions to ending homelessness.
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s Office of Community Planning and
Development, Technical Assistance Collaborative. (2007). Defining chronic homelessness: A technical guide for HUD programs (TAC Contract No. NYPH-001-03). Retrieved from https://www.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/DefiningChronicHomeless.pdf
This brief technical guide by HUD is relevant to my paper because it answers frequently asked questions in regards to the federal definition of chronic homelessness and the qualifying factors under the definition. The guide also addresses programs currently available for the chronically homeless.
Most of us are not numb to the chronic homelessness that take up known busy cities in America. Some of us cannot ignore the homeless person or family that is asking for change or collecting bottles on the streets of those known cities. The problem of chronic homelessness in America is evidently present making it still a social problem that calls for a solution. Ending chronic homelessness is possible, there is a solution, and it starts with redefining its definition.
As it currently stands, chronic homelessness is defined as a person or family member with a disability who have experienced an episode or more of homelessness. Under the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s Office of Community Planning and
Development (2007), also known as HUD, limits the homeless definition by stating that the term “homeless” is associated with “a person sleeping in a place not meant for human habitation (i.e., living on the streets) or living in a homeless emergency shelter” (p. 3). HUD’s definition of homelessness was adapted by the passing of the HEARTH Act in 2009 that amended the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2013).
The McKinney-Vento Act was the first major federal legislative that provided a range of services to address the homeless population when it passed in 1987 and it still used today alongside the HEARTH Act. The problem with these two policies is their interpretation of what being homeless entitles which in turn only provides services to people that fall within the requirements to receive help. People or families who lack permanent housing and move between a series of friends and/or extended family members are not federally considered as being homeless. Therefore, programs such as the Shelter Plus Care (S+C) or Supportive Housing Programs (SHP) become unavailable to a sector of the homeless population that are not defined federally as being homeless.
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