Author: chris

The most difficult ethical challenge you face may come from competing personal values. The answers to ethical issues are not always black and white. When faced with a situation, we must really think about the complexities of the situation, our personal values, cognitive bias, and the societal norms that impact moral disengagement. This process starts with a fundamental understanding of our personal values.

Terminal values are the ‘end result’ values that indicate what you want your life to ultimately be about when your time on earth is over. These indicate a desired end-state. Instrumental values are what we traditionally discuss in relation to moral and ethical behavior. Instrumental values moderate our daily behavior, based on associated consequences. Acting on our instrumental values leads to achievement of terminal values. In preparation for a discussion about our personal values, please complete the Rokeach Value Survey.

Below is the Rokeach Value Survey [DOC file size 13.2 KB], which lists 18 terminal values and 18 instrumental values. In preparation for this discussion:

1. Rank (prioritize) the terminal values most important to you from “1” to the least important at “18”.
2. Rank (prioritize) the instrumental values most important to you from “1” to the least important at “18”.
3. Identify your top five guiding values (terminal and instrumental) on each list.

More detailed description of each value can be found in this pdf: Values- A necessary but neglected ingredient of motivation on the job. [PDF file size 6.7 MB]

For your discussion:

• Identify your five guiding values and explain why those values are a priority for you.

  Note: We often better understand the importance of our own values when we can clearly articulate why these are important to us.

• Explain your use of these five values in your day-to-day decision making. Do these values guide your decisions or do you have a challenge in applying them? If you are experiencing a conflict with someone at work or in your personal life, what role might differing values have in that conflict? Do these values provide insight into your career? Why or why not?

Ethical and Legal considerations, medical malpractice.

 

I need an outline first and then the final paper as detailed below:

 

One of the most important objectives of this course is for you to be able to relate the theories in the readings and discussions to situations in real life. We will develop these critical thinking skills each week via the discussion boards and short writing assignments, which will culminate in the final project, a medical malpractice case study.

 

The purpose of a case study in general is to apply what you learned to a real-life or hypothetical situation where you analyze, test, and propose solutions to the case. You may have a problem to solve and be asked to present potential solutions. Or you may have a situation to analyze and describe why (or why not) certain events were effective or successful. In processing a case study, you will have to apply research, reasoning, critical thinking, and analytical skills to identify underlying problems, causes, and/or related factors and make decisions.

 

For the medical malpractice case study, you will prepare a paper discussing a medical malpractice case using the IRAC (issue, rule, analysis, conclusion) formula. You will discuss any relevant ethical theories involved and analyze the outcome, applying legal concepts from the course.

 

You should be thinking about your case and start your research by Module Three. By Module Five, you should finalize your choice of a reported case for your project. In the Module Five journal activity, you will be asked to briefly discuss your chosen case and provide an outline for your project. The final project is due at the end of Module Seven.

 

In this assignment, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following course outcomes:

 

Analyze why knowledge of the legal system is important for healthcare professionals, including the distinctions between the law, ethics, and bioethics

Compare and contrast ethical theories and discuss decision-making models applicable to healthcare providers

Examine the legal environment in healthcare, including the physician-patient relationship, medical records and patient confidentiality, and professional liability and medical malpractice

Explore the laws impacting the delivery of healthcare, including HIPAA, the False Claims Act, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, and laws impacting the workplace

Analyze the role of professional regulation, the standard of care, and codes of ethics in healthcare providers’ accountability to self, their profession, their patients, and the public

Analyze specific legal, ethical, and bioethical issues faced by healthcare administrators, providers, and researchers, including protection of life, the right to self-determination, and end-of-life issues

 

 

Prompt

The first step of the project is to locate a medical malpractice case that interests you. The case can involve malpractice or negligence claims against any type of healthcare provider—for example, a doctor, nurse, dentist, or chiropractor or an institutional provider such as a hospital, nursing home, or rehab facility. The case you choose must be from a published decision of the court (rather than a case reported in a secondary source, such as a newspaper or internet article).

 

Published decisions are primary sources of law that create precedent for other courts to follow in similar cases. For more information about judicial decisions, and for help on where to find them, visit the Library of Congress Law Library.

 

Review these malpractice decisions to get familiar with the structure and format of a typical court decision:

 

Deane v. Mount Sinai Hospital

Carpentier v. North Shore University Hospital

 

These cases were found by searching the New York Official Reports website using the terms “medical malpractice” and “wrongful death.” To locate the published court decisions in your state, browse the resources available at the Library of Congress Law Library or visit FindLaw’s Cases and Codes section, which contains resources and links for cases by state.

 

It is easier to find medical malpractice cases in state court as opposed to federal court, so you may want to start with cases in your local state court. As you get further into your research, you will discover that some court opinions are short, and some are much longer and contain significantly more detail. For this assignment, it is important to choose a case that not only interests you but also contains a detailed description of the facts and circumstances so you have enough information for your analysis. The two examples provided above are good samples of the kind of opinion you should try to find. When researching cases, make sure the one you ultimately select contains enough information about the case to address each of the bullet points below. Your paper should contain three parts:

 

Part I: Introduction

In this part, describe your case, including the parties, the facts, and the claims asserted.

 

Part II: Analysis

This part is your analysis and should make up the majority of your paper. This section should be written in the IRAC format. Click here for a description of the IRAC model. Your analysis should discuss the evidence on both sides of the case and the defenses asserted by the defendant healthcare provider. This section should also identify and analyze the ethical theories involved and how they did or did not impact the decision.

 

Part III: Variation

In this part, discuss how and why the outcome would have changed if the facts or evidence had been different. For example, if the plaintiff won the case, discuss a defense that, if available to the defendant, would have changed the outcome (for example, if the defendant could prove the plaintiff filed his claim after the statute of limitations had expired).

This module reviewed mission, vision, values, and ethics statements in the Human Services field. You were provided with many examples in order to develop these statements for your agency.
Tasks:
In a minimum of 400 words, you will post your answer to the Discussion Area.
Use your textbooks, the ethical code, and a minimum of five sources from professional literature. Professional literature may include the University online library resources, relevant textbooks, peer-reviewed journal articles, and websites created by professional organizations, agencies, or institutions (.edu, .org, and .gov). Incorporate information from those sources into a discussion of the following as it relates to the Human Services field:
• Using the same position in the Human Services field that you discussed in the M1 Assignment 2 Discussion, discuss why mission, vision, values, and ethics statements are important for working with clients and those you supervise. Talk about at least two reasons per statement.
• Describe a minimum of three ways you would encourage staff members to engage in the mission and vision statements of your agency.
• Suppose you have a supervisee who is acting contrary to the mission and vision of your agency. He or she is engaging in misconduct per your ethics statement. Discuss how you would talk with this supervisee, including three examples of statements or questions you would ask during your talk. Keep the ethics codes and multiculturalism values in mind when answering this question.
Complete the following readings early in the module:
• Module 2 overview
• From your course textbook in HS6010 An Introduction to Human Services: Policy and Practice, read the following chapter:
o Attitudes/Values, Skills, and Knowledge
Suggested Readings:
From the Internet, read the following:
• Ethics Statements
• Examples of Values Statements with Commitments to Diversity/Inclusiveness
• How to Write Your Mission Statement
Mission Statements and Vision Statements: Unleashing Purpose

For this discussion, answer the following questions in your initial post:
•What company are you planning to use for your process improvement plan?
•Why do you plan to develop a process improvement plan for this company?
•What are some examples of known deficient processes?

When responding to your peers, review their choice of company and their rationale for developing a process improvement plan. Provide feedback to your peers. Why do you or do you not think it is a good company to develop a process improvement plan for?
Things to Remember!
1.Post a 2 to 4 paragraph discussion post (300 words minimum). Justify your explanations by including in-text citations and references in APA format as applicable.
2.Post your primary response on the discussion board by Thursday at 11:59 pm ET. Be sure to review your writing for grammar and spelling before posting For information about writing your discussion posts, consult Discussion Tips. Be sure to check your work and correct any spelling or grammatical errors before you post it. When you are ready to make your initial posting, please click on the “Create Thread” button, copy/paste the text from your document into the message field and click “Submit.”

Use the EC Library resources to properly cite your work:

America in the 20th/21st Centuries
Questions for the Interview

You are to interview an American who is approximately 85 or older. NO ONE UNDER 80 WILL BE ACCEPTED. The interview is worth 30 % of your final grade. Your paper will summarize your findings. The paper should include some quotes from the conversations. Your interview write-up needs to be no less than 5 full double spaced pages, one inch margins, 12 pt Times New Roman fonts. Photos are not considered part of the 5 pages!

Below is a list of questions you may ask. Feel free to ask questions beyond those on the list. The questions are designed to direct your investigation and to stimulate fairly specific recollections. If they stimulate an in depth conversation – GREAT – I want you to experience the richness of these recollections and to record them in a way that is meaningful to you. Please protect confidentiality. If your subjects require it – you may change names and other pertinent information if necessary. Most people will not mind you using their names and the other information. Still, you need to be find out!

THE QUESTIONS BELOW ARE INTENDED TO STIMULATE RESPONSE – I AM NOT INTERESTED IN SIMPLE ANSWERS TO THE LIST OF QUESTIONS. REALLY LEARN ABOUT WHAT SOME THINGS OR WHAT LIFE WAS LIKE DURING THE EARLY TO MID 20TH CENTURY. GET YOUR INTERVIEWEES TO REMINISE. I WANT YOU TO CRITIQUE WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED – SEE HISTORY THROUGH THEIR STORIES. DO YOU THINK THAT TIME HAS CHANGED THEIR INTERPRETATIONS OF THE PAST. HOW DO YOU THINK “YOU” BEING THE LISTENER TO THEIR STORIES MAY HAVE CHANGED THE WAY THEY TELL THEIR STORIES.
DO NOT DEBATE, ARGUE, or TAKE POSITIONS !!!

Name
Age
Where does this person live

Questions about childhood and early teens

Where were you born (town, country, city)
Were you born in a hospital
Where did you grow up
How big was your family
What did your parents do for a living
Did you have chores
Do you have a favorite memory of a parent
What was a typical meal like
Type of food
Family behavior at the table
What kind of car did your family have
What was your grocery store like
Where did you go on vacations
What did you do for entertainment
Who was your best friend
Did you have a favorite toy
Did you have a hobby
What kind of discipline did you get as a child
Where did you go to school
What was the school like
How big was your class
Favorite subject (did you like history)
What did you want to do as a grown-up
What was your telephone number
Did you know anyone with an outhouse
How did the depression affect you
Did you remember people telling stories about WWI
What your first job
Where did you go on dates
What was your first car
Any memories of doctors, hospitals, dentists, illnesses
What did you wear as a teenager/young adult (fashion)
What was your favorite music/dance
Did you play sports
Did you go to church (if Christian)

Questions about adult life experiences

How did you meet your spouse (check to see if they were married)
What was your wedding and reception like
Do you remember where you were when Pearl Harbor was attacked
How did the war affect you
Did you go to the war
What did you do
What unit – which theater Europe or Pacific
Other reflections (ONLY IF THEY WANT TO TALK ABOUT IT!)
What kinds of things were rationed
Did you like FDR
What was your favorite radio program
When did you get your first TV
Were you concerned about
communism
Cuban Missile crisis
What did you think about
Sen. Joe McCarthy
Bomb shelters
Race riots/civil rights
Viet Nam, protests, counterculture
Where were you when
JFK was killed
Armstrong stepped on the moon

METHODOLOGY

Ethanol Based Products Contribution To Brazil’s Economic Growth

Fuel is one of the main factors that contribute either positively or negatively to the economy of a country. Brazil has come up with the invention of fuel from ethanol. This research seeks to find out whether the development and implementation of ethanol based products and technologies have been a contributing factor to Brazil’s rapid economic growth in the past 10 years. It also seeks to establish if it has contributed, will it continue to provide economic growth in the future?
Justification
It is obvious that the world encounters an energy crisis. Ethanol, produced mainly from sugar cane or maize, constitutes 90 percent of biofuels produced in the world (the rest is biodiesel). According to Otaviano Canuto, the head of the World Bank Brazil, ethanol pollutes 60 percent less compared to oil (Foreign Policy No.118, July/August 2007). Sustainable bioenergy: a framework for decision makers, published by the United Nations in April 2007, argues that biofuels are the only short-term alternative to replace oil in transportation which is the main source of the emission of greenhouse gases.
Brazil is one of the countries that risked replacing oil with ethanol. The awareness of renewable energies is a recent issue with few countries investing in research and development of more clean fuels. Brazil is one of the striking examples. Even though it is a third world country, it is trying hard in achieving its development through implementation of various elements in their economic development strategies. In the next 10 years, Brazil plans to triple the ethanol production area by increasing the arable land from three to nine million hectares. The Brazilian government has already signed an internal agreement with farmers and entrepreneurs for the expansion. This is because the plan does not intend to degrade the environment through the cutting down of forests, but rather make use of appropriate grassland and grow soybean crop.
The aim of this research is to understand how the recent trade of renewable fuel will be viable and profitable in less than10 years. In addition, it is meant to help understand the mechanism and ways through which Brazil can survive in this oligopoly ethanol market. Besides regional change, this research will allow us to take a broad view and understanding of the effect of ethanol energy on the automotives whose change is in favor of biofuel, which in turn is jeopardizing the traditional automotive market.

Objectives

1) To determine how ethanol became an alternative fuel in Brazil.
2 To determine the relationship between investment in research and development and economic growth in Brazil.
3) To find out the contributions of ethanol production economically.
4) To determine the importance of biofuel market and Brazilian estimated contribution to automotive construction.

Problem
Sometimes this year, Brazil was ranked number 8 in terms of large and growing economies in the international market. The nation’s economic growth rate is rising faster than that of some European countries like France and England. Brazil is excelling in the economy even though it is difficult to tell how a country with a poverty rate and low literacy as Brazil can be able to maintain such encouraging rates of growth. Besides, ethanol is considered a short term alternative to replace fossil fuels like oil. However, it remains the best option for Brazil to facilitate their growth and maintain the oligopoly.
The questions many beg to ask is whether ethanol production has benefits to Brazil’s development. Again, does the technology promote sustainable growth? Something else worth finding out is whether the renewable energy sector makes changes in the Brazilian economy in the long run. Another question would be whether biofuels have the potential to take the economy to a higher level.

Hypothesis
Hypothesis # 1
Some of the factors that might have influenced or triggered the financial growth of Brazil are the production of new fuel and related technologies. The implementation and development of the energy generation innovations began at the same period with the growth and improvement of the economic structures of Brazil.
Hypothesis # 2
The change in the government from Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva’s to Dilma Rousseff‘s between 2003 and 2011 could also be a factor that influenced Brazils economic structure and growth rate. This is because it created diversified economy reformation laws and agreements.
Hypothesis # 3
The development of ethanol as an alternative can be a short term boost to the economy.

Theoretical Framework
To determine the relationship between ethanol and the economic development of Brazil, this research will make use of several sources. Even though the ethanol energy case is recent, there have been several scholars and researchers who have studied the issue before. Ethanol is a chemical compound derived from the fermentation of sugars that can be used as fuel, either on its own or as a mixture with gasoline in varying quantities. Their use has spread mainly to replace petroleum consumption.
The end result of the ethanol and gasoline, or gasohol mixture is known as gasohol. Two mixtures E10 and E85 are commonly used with an ethanol content of 10% and 85%, respectively. Ethanol is also highly used as an additive for standard gasoline oxygenate, replacing methyl terta – butyl ether (MTBE ). The latter is responsible for contamination of soil and groundwater. It can also be used as fuel in fuel cells.
Due to the energy crisis and unstable oil prices, several countries have tried to find alternative solutions which are biofuel. Some of these countries include: United States, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Europe and Brazil. These countries control the ethanol market. Brazil is one of the main beneficiaries of the biofuels. Even though it is a third world country, it has reported great improvement and economic growth in less than 7 years.
Professor Schumpeter’s theory of innovation states that innovation is one of the factors that bring change in an economy. This is because innovation allows one to be able to come up with new products. He argues that technological inventions create a temporary monopoly market that allows a firm to make profit before competition starts. Schumpeter in the growth theory based on destructive creativity states that it is not possible to have economic growth without the use of technology. The theory goes ahead to state that human capital and creativity are also key factors to introducing innovative production methods. The case of Brazil is one influenced by technology and creativity.
Another important theory is the model of growth through creative destruction by Philippe Aghion and Peter Hewitt. This theory talks about the economic growth through vertical innovation. This is through the combination of methods ideal for the management of businesses.
In the influence of development theory in economic policies in the 1950s and 1960s, there are the cases concerning Argentina and Brazil. These cases talk about more economic development theories that state that the key aspects of the leading theory on economic development are: modernization, dependency, and infrastructure and globalization system. These are the justifications of the theory that help in understanding the efforts countries make to improve the economy. This is particularly in reference to countries facing high poverty rates. This aspect of the theory helps to explain the model as well to give the necessary recommendations to various countries.
A part of the four key aspects of the leading theory on economic development, other theories that illustrate the reasons behind Brazil’s has rapid growth is Dependency. The theory emerged in the year 1950 as a result of a research by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC ). One of the researchers Raul Prebish, known for his contributions to the Singer-Prebisch model explains that to create favorable economic conditions, one must apply the following responsibilities: check the currency exchange rates, promote government efficiency, national development issues, creating investment platform, and allowing capital inflow to strengthen industrialization particularly in developing countries among others.

The theory of economic innovation is a principle of financial growth and change that alters the traditional view. Modern economic theories, and the center of these theories are fundamentally built with knowledge, technology, entrepreneurship and innovation. Compared to traditional theories that are partly analyzed as independent elements, modern theories include and count the items as a group responsible for the economic impact of the rules applied. Joseph Schumpeter was the first and most significant economist analyzing economic innovations.
A part of the theories of thinkers will include references as Flex-fuel vehicle adoption and dynamics of ethanol prices: lessons from Brazil.
Miguel tries to focus on the dynamics of the prices of substitute fuels in particular ethanol and gasoline, and how they impact the production growth of a flex-fuel car. Through partially modifying the model used, the results provide an argument strong for the following scenarios: when given the choice between different fuels, the price of ethanol stays more stable. The dynamics of fuel prices are determined by the changes of supply and demand including the price of sugarcane, ethanol, and export demand for flex-fuel vehicles.
The other theoretical work is, Governing biofuels in Brazil: A comparison of ethanol and biodiesel policies. Arthur explains that during the past decade Brazil implemented an innovative program, the National program of Production and Use of Biodiesel (PNPB). The government wanted to avoid any kind of geographical concentration and domineering agriculture. This excluded families who own their own farms. The agreements of bioethanol and biodiesel in Brazil were compared through analyzing the contents of these agreements. However, this was difficult for some politicians and institutions to accept. There were disagreements between the government system and the rules governing energy and agriculture because the two agreements could not match.
Even though the ethanol energy innovation in Brazil has great benefits, the 2008 crisis has been complex. Several factors have been blamed as the cause of this sugarcane-ethanol crisis. Some of the factors mentioned as the causes of the crisis include policies, increase in fuel taxes, lower mandate, the act of holding gasoline prices below the internationally recognized prices among other factors. This is an economic model that tries to explain the crisis. Brazil’s policies governing ethanol and sugarcane are each different and they have a different and unique impact on the market and the prices. Some of the policies affect the prices of gasoline. These policies are low taxes and high levels of tax exemptions. These policies lower the prices of gasoline in Brazil which may not be all that healthy for the economy.

Methodology
The purpose of this research project is to better understand why Brazil is the only third world country that is increasing its wealth and power at such a rapid and firm rate. To expose this phenomenon, this project will combine and employ both a quantitative and qualitative data collection method, but is rooted in a qualitative position that recognizes the importance of locating the research within a particular economic, cultural, and chronological context.
The research methodology involves analyzing significant and relevant data from available documents, professionally published observations, government and private economic reports, as well as other related publications. I will need to get data on the GDP of the country before the establishment of the biofuel industry, and the changes up to date. I will pay key attention to all segments of the economy that use biofuels directly or indirectly and show how they have benefitted from biofuel. I will also get data on the investment made by the government and private players towards the industry. This will be followed by compiling the statistical data in order to analyze the material and arrive at a more complete and clear understanding of historical reconstruction of Brazil’s economic structure and rapid growth. I will also use three distinct theories to guide my analysis of the data. The Schumpeter’s theory of innovation, Aghion and Hewitt destructive creativity, and influence of development theory in economic policies. These theories will allow me to focus on the aspects of my research data and allow me to acquire a definite conclusion.
Analysis of the factor played by research and development towards the giant biofuel industry is necessary. To understand this i need to come up with a timeframe of the development and growth of the industry and the key players. The level of scholar’s research in the field must hold the key to the stable industry. I will visit key government institutions to get the inputs of research. I will also make use of published scholarly reports that were done on the first years of the industry. More information can be acquired from the universities and laboratories that had key roles in the development of the industry.
I will also make use of questionnaires to gather information and public opinion on the use of biofuels. The questionnaires will be aimed at getting specific answers to specific questions regarding energy production in Brazil. I will issue the questionnaires to the energy department, and to a target population in Brazil especially consumers. This will help in understanding what the consumers feel about the entire biofuel as opposed to biodiesel. The government energy department will also share some insights on the development and contribution of biofuel to the economy. Questionnaires are a simpler way of obtaining the desired data. [Sample of the questionnaire located on page: 11]
There will be an intensive study of the economic trades as far as ethanol based products are done. I will also look at the other alternatives and carry out a hypothesis to determine the more viable products. The sampling method will be systematic, where the sample will first be picked randomly. The researcher will select a representation sample of the target population and carry out interviews to get some questions especially the open ended ones. This will help to gather information that cannot easily be captured in a questionnaire. It will also help to get the emotions of the interviewees. Most of the interviews will be conducted on the policy makers in the energy industry. This is because policies were mentioned as one of the factors that influenced the 2008 ethanol sugarcane crisis.
There will also be a bit of observation, whereby the researcher will observe the trends of the customer’s consumption. There will also be observation of the trends in the supply and demand of the biofuels. This will be done by keeping tabs with the reports provided by different bodies associated with the energy industry. Observation will go hand in hand with monitoring of the market trends over some time and comparing to previous periods. This will help in understanding how the biofuels have been fairing over a good period of time. This comparison will help draw conclusions on the performance of the biofuels. It will also make it easier to determine or foresee the future of the fuels. This will help determine if Brazil can still depend on biofuels as a contributor to economic growth in the long run.
Sample Questionnaire questions:
1. Can you give an overview of the contribution of the biofuel industry to the Brazilian economy?
2. What factors informed Brazil to go the biofuel way?
3. Do you experience any drawbacks in the development of the industry?
4. What are the major problems that have been solved by the use of biofuel?
5. Do you feel that there are some aspects of the industry that can be improved to grow the economy further?
6. Do you think overreliance on biofuels might have future consequences?
7. What is the society’s general feeling about the use of biofuels?

Bibliography
Practical implementation of liquid biofuels: The transferability of the Brazilian experiences
Energy Policy. Sep. 2013, Vol. 60, p70-80. 11p.
Flex-fuel vehicle adoption and dynamics of ethanol prices: lessons from Brazil.
Energy Policy. Aug. 2013, Vol. 59, p507-512. 6p
The price for biofuels sustainability.
Energy Policy. Aug. 2013, Vol. 59, p898-903. 6p.
The impact of OECD biofuels policies on developing countries.
Agricultural Economics. Jul 2013, Vol. 44 Issue 4/5, p477-486. 10p.
Biofuel Subsidies and International Trade.
Economics & Politics. July 2013, Vol. 25 Issue 2, p181-199. 19p.
Beyond commonplace biofuels: Social aspects of ethanol.
Energy Policy. June 2013, Vol. 57, p355-362. 8p.
Sugar beet for bioethanol production: An approach based on environmental agricultural outputs.
Energy Policy. Apr. 2013, Vol. 55, p662-668. 7p.
Fuel demand in Brazil in a dynamic panel data approach.
EnergyEconomics. Mar. 2013, Vol. 36, p229-240. 12p.
Brazil’s development bank invests $293 million in cellulosic ethanol firm.
Chemical Week. 1/28/2013, Vol. 175 Issue 3, p13-13. 1/4p.
Brazil Considers a Shift in Transportation Fuels.
Stratfor Analysis. Jan. 2013, p12-12. 1p.
Governing biofuels in Brazil: A comparison of ethanol and biodiesel policies.
Energy Policy. Oct. 2013, Vol. 61, p22-30. 9p.
A game theory analysis of market incentives for US switchgrass ethanol.
Ecological Economics. Sep. 2013, Vol. 93, p42-56. 15p.
A Model of Growth Through Creative Destruction. (n.d.). Retrieved September 2013 from http://www.nber.org/papers/w3223
A Spectral Analysis of World GDP Dynamics: Kondratieff Waves, Kuznets Swings, Juglar and Kitchin Cycles in Global Economic Development, and the 2008?2009 Economic Crisis [eScholarship]. (n.d.). Retrieved September 2013 from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9jv108xp
Joseph A. Schumpeter | Esben Sloth Andersen | Macmillan. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://us.macmillan.com/book.aspx?isbn=9781403996275
Retrieved September 2013, from www.lanacion.com.ar/1602477-se-consume-mas-etanol-en-brasil
Alternative Fuels Data Center: Ethanol Fuel Basics. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2013, from http://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/ethanol_fuel_basics.html
BBC News – Brazil GDP beats expectations for second quarter. (n.d.). Retrieved September 23, 2013, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-23901453
Brazil Economy Profile 2013. (n.d.). Retrieved September 23, 2013, from http://www.indexmundi.com/brazil/economy_profile.html

TOPIC/ The Truth About Caffeine

3 pages,give some statistics of negative effects of caffeine

 

the guides to follow:

topic:

Specific Purpose:to inform ….

Introduction:(discovering +history)

Body:

I like here to give some general info about caffeine and explain the negetive effects.

conclusion:

Assignment: Culture

 

Imagine you work for a company that has recently merged with an overseas company. Write a brief introduction to your company as well as the company that was purchased. Then develop an eight to ten (8-10) point checklist detailing what steps you would take as the HR manager to help unify the culture of both companies.

 

Create two (2) company introductions and develop an eight to ten (8-10) point checklist in which you:

 

1.      Give a succinct overview of your fictitious company.

 

2.      Give a succinct overview of the fictitious company merged with.

 

3.      Develop an eight to ten (8-10) point checklist of steps you would take to unify company culture.

 

4.      Explain your rationale for choosing each of the steps in your checklist.

 

5.      Format your assignment according to the following formatting requirements:

 

a. Typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides.

 

b. Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, your name, your professor’s name, the course title, and the date.

1. In the binomial probability distribution, p stands for the

 

A. probability of success in any given trial.

 

B. probability of failure in any given trial.

 

C. number of trials.

 

D. number of successes.

 

2. Consider an experiment that results in a positive outcome with probability 0.38 and a negative outcome with probability 0.62. Create a new experiment consisting of repeating the original experiment 3 times. Assume each repetition is independent of the others. What is the probability of three successes?

 

A. 0.762

 

B. 0.055

 

C. 1.14

 

D. 0.238

 

3. Which of the following is a discrete random variable?

 

A. The number of three-point shots completed in a college basketball game

 

B. The average daily consumption of water in a household

 

C. The time required to drive from Dallas to Denver

 

D. The weight of football players in the NFL

 

4. The area under the normal curve extending to the right from the midpoint to z is 0.17. Using the standard normal table on the textbook’s back end sheet, identify the relevant z value.

 

A. 0.4554

 

B. 0.44

 

C. 0.0675

 

D. –0.0675

 

5. The Burger Bin fast-food restaurant sells a mean of 24 burgers an hour and its burger sales are normally distributed. The standard deviation is 6. What is the probability that the Burger Bin will sell 12 to 18 burgers in an hour?

 

A. 0.136

 

B. 0.239

 

C. 0.342

 

D. 0.475

 

6. Let event A = rolling a 1 on a die, and let event B = rolling an even number on a die. Which of the following is correct concerning these two events?

 

A. Events A and B are mutually exclusive.

 

B. On a Venn diagram, event B would contain event A.

 

C. On a Venn diagram, event A would overlap event B.

 

D. Events A and B are exhaustive.

 

7. A continuous probability distribution represents a random variable

 

A. that has a definite probability for the occurrence of a given integer.

 

B. having an infinite number of outcomes that may assume any number of values within an interval.

 

C. having outcomes that occur in counting numbers.

 

D. that’s best described in a histogram.

 

8. A basketball team at a university is composed of ten players. The team is made up of players who play the position of either guard, forward, or center. Four of the ten are guards, four are forwards, and two are centers. The numbers that the players wear on their shirts are 1, 2, 3, and 4 for the guards; 5, 6, 7, and 8 for the forwards; and 9 and 10 for the centers. The starting five are numbered 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. Let a player be selected at random from the ten. The events are defined as follows:

 

Let A be the event that the player selected has a number from 1 to 8.

 

Let B be the event that the player selected is a guard.

 

Let C be the event that the player selected is a forward.

 

Let D be the event that the player selected is a starter.

 

Let E be the event that the player selected is a center.

 

Calculate P(C).

 

A. 0.40

 

B. 0.80

 

C. 0.50

 

D. 0.20

 

9. An apartment complex has two activating devices in each fire detector. One is smoke-activated and has a probability of .98 of sounding an alarm when it should. The second is a heat-sensitive activator and has a probability of .95 of operating when it should. Each activator operates independently of the other. Presume a fire starts near a detector. What is the probability that both activating devices will work properly?

 

A. 0.931

 

B. 0.049

 

C. 0.9895

 

D. 0.965

 

10. Which of the following is correct concerning the Poisson distribution?

 

A. Each event being studied must be statistically dependent on the previous event.

 

B. The mean is usually smaller than the variance.

 

C. The mean is usually larger than the variance.

 

D. The event being studied is restricted to a given span of time, space, or distance.

 

11. If the probability that an event will happen is 0.3, what is the probability of the event’s complement?

 

A. 0.1

 

B. 0.3

 

C. 1.0

 

D. 0.7

 

12. The probability of an offender having a speeding ticket is 35%, having a parking ticket is 44%, having both is 12%. What is the probability of an offender having either a speeding ticket or a parking ticket or both?

 

A. 91%

 

B. 79%

 

C. 55%

 

D. 67%

 

 

 

Protestant     Catholic                                 Jewish        Other
Democrat	0.35	0.10	0.03	0.02
Republican	0.27	0.09	0.02	0.01
Independent	0.05	0.03	0.02	0.01

 

 

 

13. The table above gives the probabilities of combinations of religion and political parties in a city in the United States. What is the probability that a randomly selected person will be a Protestant and at the same time be a Democrat or a Republican?

 

A. 0.62

 

B. 0.89

 

C. 0.35

 

D. 0.67

 

14. A breeder records probabilities for two variables in a population of animals using the two-way table given here. Given that an animal is brown-haired, what is the probability that it’s short-haired?

 

Brown-haired    Blond
Short-haired	0.06	0.23
Shaggy	0.51	0.20

 

 

 

A. 0.0306

 

B. 0.222

 

C. 0.06

 

D. 0.105

 

15. If event A and event B are mutually exclusive, P(A or B) =

 

A. P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B).

 

B. P(A) + P(B).

 

C. P(A) – P(B).

 

D. P(A + B).

 

16. Approximately how much of the total area under the normal curve will be in the interval spanning 2 standard deviations on either side of the mean?

 

A. 50%

 

B. 68.3%

 

C. 99.7%

 

D. 95.5%

 

17. Find the z-score that determines that the area to the right of z is 0.8264.

 

A. 1.36

 

B. 0.94

 

C. –1.36

 

D. –0.94

 

18. For each car entering the drive-through of a fast-food restaurant, x = the number of occupants. In this study, x is a

 

A. discrete random variable.

 

B. dependent event.

 

C. joint probability.

 

D. continuous quantitative variable.

 

19. From an ordinary deck of 52 playing cards, one is selected at random. What is the probability that the selected card is either an ace, a queen, or a three?

 

A. 0.25

 

B. 0.0769

 

C. 0.3

 

D. 0.2308

 

20. A credit card company decides to study the frequency with which its cardholders charge for items from a certain chain of retail stores. The data values collected in the study appear to be normally distributed with a mean of 25 charged purchases and a standard deviation of 2 charged purchases. Out of the total number of cardholders, about how many would you expect are charging 27 or more purchases in this study?

 

A. 94.8%

 

B. 15.9%

 

C. 47.8%

 

D. 68.3%